tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-40501157348804247672024-03-13T12:36:47.014-04:00America in War and PeaceAmerican at War from 1898 the PresentA. Mattsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02245371044449114621noreply@blogger.comBlogger85125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4050115734880424767.post-13079735617185944282013-02-19T00:35:00.002-05:002013-02-19T00:35:58.322-05:00Sara K- AP II 2:50-4:40 "Dissent in Plessy v. Ferguson"<div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-vI0PPm7IVso/USMGfqRLGcI/AAAAAAAAAA0/hNH83BYLDSw/s1600/jimcrowlaw.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; cssfloat: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" height="206" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-vI0PPm7IVso/USMGfqRLGcI/AAAAAAAAAA0/hNH83BYLDSw/s320/jimcrowlaw.bmp" uea="true" width="320" /></span></a><span style="font-family: inherit;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><u>John Marshall Harlan "Dissent in Plessy v. Ferguson" 1896</u></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Plessy v. Ferguson mandated "separate but equal." </span><a href="http://www.ferris.edu/jimcrow/what.htm"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Jim Crow laws</span></a><span style="font-family: inherit;"> refer to segregation laws and practices that came out of Plessy v. Ferguson. However, none of the separate schools or accommodations were actually "separate but equal" as demonstrated by the picture. Because "separate but equal" wasn't really equal Harlan wrote a dissenting opinon. Harlan disagreed with<em> Plessy v. Ferguson</em> and warned that it would be used to put African Americans in an inferior position. Laws were often used to deny African Americans rights- it took constitutional amendments to change that. And it wasn't until </span><a href="http://www.nps.gov/brvb/historyculture/index.htm"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Brown v. Board of Ed.</span></a><span style="font-family: inherit;"> was passed years later, that the doctrine of "separate but equal" would be overturned. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">In Harlan’s dissenting opinion he proposes that people's color should not preclude them or limit them in any way- the legal system is supposed to protect their rights. In the second paragraph, when he says <strong>“When a white man and a black man choose to occupy the same public conveyance on a public highway, it is their right to do so, and no government, proceeding alone on grounds of race, can prevent it without infringing the personal liberty on each”</strong>, Harlan describes the situation of the Louisiana railroad cars.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He is very blunt about it, and is saying that it is obvious that they segregated the car to avoid people mingling together, and that is therefore an infringement on personal rights and freedom.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Harlan also says <strong>“In my opinion the judgment this day rendered will in time; prove to be quite as pernicious as the decision made by the tribunal in the Dred Scott case.”</strong> Harlan is saying that Plessy v. Ferguson will turn out as inhumane and unjust as the </span><a href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4h2933.html"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Dred Scott decision</span></a><span style="font-family: inherit;"> (the court ruled that no African slaves or descendants of slaves could ever be citizens.)</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></span><br /><span style="font-family: inherit;">Later in Harlan’s dissent, he says that <strong>“But in view of the Constitution, in the eye of the law, there is in this country no superior, dominant, ruling class of citizens.”</strong> This is significant because it suggests that the <em>Plessy v. Ferguson</em> court decision goes against the constitution- it’s a contradiction. The United States is democratic, and at the same time there are these terrible racist laws. This is the implication of Harlan’s words because if the Constitution is truly “color blind” than all should have the same equal rights and there should be no division s into the lower and upper classes. Halan is saying that no matter what others think, it is horrible to create a climate of racism and discrimination than to let people mingle together. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">The last line is crucial because once again, Harlan confirms that there are racist laws in a democratic country. This is evidenced by when he says<strong> “Such a system is inconsistent with the guarantee given by the Constitution to each State of a republican form of government, and may be stricken down by Congressional action, or by the courts in the discharge of their solemn duty to maintain the supreme law of the land, anything in the constitution or laws of any state to the contrary notwithstanding.”</strong> In the last paragraph of the dissent, Harlan also describes that in the arguments used in court, some people cited earlier statements in the law and court decisions and such that date from the time of slavery to justify their point. Harlan is saying that doesn't make sense and that should not be allowed because this is now a different time and that this is today, a time where equality is needed.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Source: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Foner, E. (2005). <i>Voices of freedom</i>. (3rd ed., Vol. 2, pp. 54-59). New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc.</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4050115734880424767.post-193197455158700202013-01-29T23:21:00.001-05:002013-02-05T18:20:39.241-05:00Nohman Sakhi AS 5420 6:30-8:10<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-IXmdcXXOJTU/UQiIViEXOwI/AAAAAAAAAA4/I8JBMcpn0ak/s1600/IRhineP.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-IXmdcXXOJTU/UQiIViEXOwI/AAAAAAAAAA4/I8JBMcpn0ak/s1600/IRhineP.jpg" /></a></div>
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Lewis W. Hine</div>
Brief Biography:<br />
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Lewis W. Hine was a man who dedicated his life to using photography for good reasons. He was born in 1874 and passed away in 1940. In addition to his short teaching career, Lewis W. Hines was associated with reform groups that helped improve housing and working conditions in American cities and factories. He also worked with government agencies such as the Tennessee Valley Authority and the National Research Project of the Works Progress Administration. <br />
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Quote:<br />
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"Hine's aim was not so much to shock a passive audience into fear and indignation; instead, he wished to show working people in their environments in a more detached and objective manner. Social photography was for him an educational process; a picture was a piece of evidence, a record of social injustice, but also of individual human beings surviving with dignity in intolerable conditions."<br />
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Explanation: <br />
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Basically, this quote stood out to me because it summaries the type of person he was in relation to photography. He wanted to educate the public as oppose to instill fear in them. Lewis Hine wanted to fix these issues of poor working conditions and child labor injustices. He wanted the public to not be ignorant of these realities and have sympathy for them. His ultimate goal was to show the American people that it was time for this to change.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-uYVp4bpIjUw/UQiduHUBfZI/AAAAAAAAABI/ZAZZJ2CqoxA/s1600/breakerboys.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="150" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-uYVp4bpIjUw/UQiduHUBfZI/AAAAAAAAABI/ZAZZJ2CqoxA/s400/breakerboys.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Lewis Hine's photograph</td></tr>
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Quote: <br />
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"...School children starting out 5 a.m. to peddle and going again after school and all day Saturday and Sunday..."<br />
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Explanation: <br />
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This quote explains what Lewis Hine was trying to reveal through his photography. The picture above shows a group of children who were overworked and oppressed. In my opinion, the cycle that these children went through on a daily basis was exhausting and improper. <br />
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Quote:<br />
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"In fact, it is often more effective than the reality would have been, because, in the picture, the non-essential and conflicting interests have been eliminated. <strong>The picture is the language of all nationalities and all ages."</strong><br />
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Explanation:<br />
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You do not have to literate or speak the language of English to understand what a picture shows. The picture below is one of Hine's photographs that show a child after working.<br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-t3xy-PxTo-4/UQikQZmxOjI/AAAAAAAAABY/xLmpdkn2ah8/s1600/HIne_03-0258a.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-t3xy-PxTo-4/UQikQZmxOjI/AAAAAAAAABY/xLmpdkn2ah8/s320/HIne_03-0258a.gif" width="229" /></a></div>
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Last Quote I'd like to End on<br />
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"The average person believes implicitly that the photograph cannot falsify. Of course, you and I know that this unbounded faith in the integrity of the photograph is often rudely shaken, for, while photographs may not lie, liars may photograph." — Lewis Hine<br />
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Explanation:<br />
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Lewis Hine was trying to say that although a photograph doesn't lie, someone can take a picture and make up a story behind it. (yellow photography)<br />
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/"></a><span id="goog_840591260"></span><span id="goog_840591261"></span><a href="http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=lewis+hine+photo+gallery&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.r_qf.&bvm=bv.41642243,d.dmQ&biw=1226&bih=650&um=1&ie=UTF-8&tbm=isch&source=og&sa=N&tab=wi&ei=VfQKUZWKLuXh0gG6u4DwBg">More of Lewis Hine's Work</a><br />
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Source:<br />
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The Ruling Power reading packet, <em>Social Photography.</em> Pages 109-113.Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12730716243596988796noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4050115734880424767.post-79613693891579866292012-12-11T17:14:00.002-05:002012-12-11T17:14:15.960-05:00Nohman Sakhi Cold War Blog- End of Soviet Union<img alt="" class="rg_hi uh_hi" data-height="183" data-width="275" height="266" id="rg_hi" src="https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcS3Ox7X3iPQMuE62B8u6rmZ6F1xbYKdBg8coiwYPXrQEytsd8bZ" style="height: 183px; width: 275px;" width="400" /> VS. <img alt="" class="rg_hi uh_hi" data-height="163" data-width="309" height="163" id="rg_hi" src="https://encrypted-tbn1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcR6reIP_vFagVpL120X2PcLX6BAUM_uj7nWSR6urn48ZZm6WN_3" style="height: 163px; width: 309px;" width="309" /> Soviet Union United States of America<br />
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OVERVIEW:<br />
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After World War II, the two nations that remained strong were the Soviet Union and the United States of America. The Cold War was not a war that involved direct military conflict between the nations. The reason for this is because both nations had nuclear weapons that could devastate a nation. As a result, the two nations were involved in proxy wars which were wars fought amongst countries that were decided whether they wanted to support the Soviet Union or the United States of America.<br />
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FAMOUS QUOTE:<br />
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"<span class="huge">When I was in the White House, I was confronted with
the challenge of the Cold War. Both the Soviet Union and I had 30,000 nuclear
weapons that could destroy the entire earth and I had to maintain the peace."</span>
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<span class="bodybold">-Jimmy Carter </span><br />
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<span class="bodybold">This is a direct quote that was said by the former President of the United States, Jimmy Carter. I believe this quote is useful in understanding the way both nations felt during this time. It was vital to make sure that the Cold War did not become a "hot" war because that would have resulted in the destruction of the world. </span><br />
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THE END OF THE COLD WAR AND COLLAPSE OF THE SOVIET UNION:<br />
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The Soviet Union was highly interested in obtaining Afghanistan. As stated in Kinzer, "Afghanistan has no oil, no mineral wealth, and little fertile land, but it does have one asset that has always attracted outsiders: location." With this said, nations such as the United States wanted to make it extremely difficult for the Soviet Union to conquer Afghanistan.<br />
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One of the main reasons the Soviet Union collapsed was becasue they invested a lot of their resources in controlling Afghanistan. According to Kinzer, the United States CIA organizeda covert operation which would weaken the Soviet Union. The CIA planed to aid "Afghan Guerrillas" to rebel against Soviet Union rule. In the 1980's Ronald Reagan asked leader of Saudi Arabia to help in the rebelling in Afghanistan. Saudi Arabia gave over a billion dollars to the cause. On February 15, 1989, under the new leader of Soviet Union Mikhail Gorbachev, the soviets withdrew all their troops.<br />
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Another issue that contributed to the fall of the Soviet Union was the political issues. In addition to the internal issues, Khrushchev and Mao of China weren't getting along. This caused the Soviet's to be alone in the Cold War fight against America. Economically, the Soviet Union was a major exporter of goods to other countries during the early part of the Cold War. However, the Soviet Union lost the "arms race" against america and soon fell behind industrially and was importing more than exporting.<br />
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The revolutions of 1989 were a series of revolts against the one party communist government. During the late 1980's Germany was divided. East Germany was under Soviet's rule, and Western Germany was under American rule. This wall was taken down which basically was the end of Soviet domination in Europe. This event happend while Mikhail Gorbachev was head of state in the Soviet Union. In December 1991, the long and expensive Cold War was offically done. Ultimately, Gorbachev and Reagan worked out a way to end the war. Gorbachev <br />
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<img height="385" id="il_fi" src="http://www.thekidswindow.co.uk/images/CMScontent/Image/berlin20wall20freedom.jpg" style="padding-bottom: 8px; padding-right: 8px; padding-top: 8px;" width="576" /><br />
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Image of people climbing over the Berlin Wall that was dividing East and West Berlin.<br />
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<img height="371" id="il_fi" src="http://a57.foxnews.com/global.fncstatic.com/static/managed/img/World/660/371/051911_binladen.jpg" style="padding-bottom: 8px; padding-right: 8px; padding-top: 8px;" width="660" /><br />
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A terrorist that was part of Al-Queda. The United States funding "gureillas" caused him to obtain power.<br />
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References:<br />
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Gaddis, John Lewis. <i>The Cold War: A New History</i>. New York: Penguin, 2005. Print.<br />
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Kinzer, Stephen. <i>Overthrow: America's Century of Regime Change from Hawaii to Iraq</i>. New York: Times /Henry Holt, 2006. Print.Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03447167186589520501noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4050115734880424767.post-76991391515161589542012-11-28T12:45:00.001-05:002012-11-28T12:45:19.639-05:00Miss. Ogilvy<br />
In the late 19th and 20th century, women's lives were so restricted by society’s ideas of gender roles. Many women, Miss. Ogilvy for example, have been courageous enough to rebel against the "norm." These women wanted to do more for them and not just get married and have children. <o:p></o:p><br />
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Before the war, Miss Ogilvy's identity was defined by being different and not belonging. She was not only an outsider in society, but she was excluded by all of her family members.<o:p></o:p><br />
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<strong>“She saw herself as a queer little girl, aggressive and awkward because of her shyness: a queer little girl who loathed sisters and dolls, preferring the stable-boys as companions, preferring to play with footballs and tops, and occasional catapults.”<o:p></o:p></strong><br />
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<strong></strong><strong>“True enough in her youth she had gloried in her strength, lifting weights, swinging clubs and developing muscles…”<o:p></o:p></strong><br />
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<strong>“She remembered insisting with tears and some temper that her real name was William and not Wilhelmina.”<o:p></o:p></strong><br />
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Miss Ogilvy just couldn’t adapt to the world's stereotyped pattern. Even her mother called her a<strong> "very odd creature"</strong> and told her that <strong>"muscles looked so appalling in evening dress-a young girl ought not to have muscles.”</strong> Everyone around Miss Ogilvy emphasized the importance of finding a husband and marrying. Her sisters Sarah and Franny spent almost all of their energy in the matrimonial market. After the death of their father, the family became more dependent on Miss Ogilvy to take on the<strong> “masculine role”</strong> and deal with things they wouldn’t bare to be bothered with- such as finances. <o:p></o:p><br />
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At the beginning of the war, Miss Ogilvy realizes she now has a chance to try and do something a woman normally wouldn’t do. At age 56, she cuts her hair, goes to London and bothers authorities until they finally allow her to participate in the war, and form her own ambulance unit. <o:p></o:p><br />
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Everything changes when Miss Ogilvy enters the war. Not only does she find herself but she was finally doing something that made her happy. There were so many of “her kind” and she was mirrored by others just like her. The word “Queer” was now used in a different context. It became a word that unified a group with the same identity. Queer was used to describe their uniform- <strong>“Queer little forage-caps.”</strong> Miss Ogilvy became a very respected and had a glorious career as the Lieutenant Commander of a unit of female ambulance drivers. She faced death and carried many injured soldiers to her ambulances, and despite the gender roles, this is what she loved doing. <o:p></o:p><br />
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Returning home was hard for her, especially going back to her prejudice society and even worse her family. She often dreamed of being back in the trenches. Miss Ogilvy grown used to military commands and often used them at home when she was frustrated by her sisters. No one understood what was going on internally and how unhappy she had to deal with pre-war issues.<o:p></o:p><br />
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<strong>“Such a dreadful, violent old thing”<o:p></o:p></strong><br />
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<strong>“Poor darling, its shell-shock you know”<o:p></o:p></strong><br />
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After one of the more faithful women from her unit confessed she was going to marry, Miss Ogilvy couldn’t bear it any longer. She was hurt by this and became depressed. A member of her unit is now heterosexual—she is “normal”. <o:p></o:p><br />
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She packed her kit-bag announced abruptly one day “I’m off!”<o:p></o:p><br />
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08282967151643255510noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4050115734880424767.post-78330236026014207972012-11-27T18:40:00.000-05:002012-11-27T18:40:59.230-05:00The Korean War<a href="http://www.blogger.com/" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a> The Korean War<br />
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Ch.1<br />
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Subtopic: The suspension of the war <br />
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Who is Bruce Cummings?<br />
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Bruce Cumings is an American academic historian and author. He is the Gustavus F. and Ann M. Swift Distinguished Service Professor in History and the chair of the history department at the University of Chicago. <br />
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<span class="krable" data-ved="0CL4BEMsTKAA" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px;"></span><span class="kno-fh "><a class="fl" href="https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&sa=X&tbo=d&rlz=1T4ADRA_enUS405US405&biw=1366&bih=554&q=bruce+cumings+born&ei=HCGyUO_4KIqx0AHF5IDAAQ&ved=0CL0BEOgT" style="color: #222222;"><strong>Born</strong></a><strong>: </strong></span><span class="kno-fv"><span class="kno-fv-vq fl" data-vq="/search?hl=en&sa=X&tbo=d&rlz=1T4ADRA_enUS405US405&biw=1366&bih=554&q=%22bruce+cumings%22+%22born%22+%22september+5,+1943+%22&stick=H4sIAAAAAAAAAGOovnz8BQMDAz8HsxKnfq6-gWlWWkmSAyPLr3PrYybNsePsXzyl_2vC7a6GLi4AgVPwVCwAAAA">September 5, 1943 (age 69)</span></span></div>
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<span class="krable" data-ved="0CMIBEMsTKAE" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px;"></span><span class="kno-fh "><a class="fl" href="https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&sa=X&tbo=d&rlz=1T4ADRA_enUS405US405&biw=1366&bih=554&q=bruce+cumings+education&ei=HCGyUO_4KIqx0AHF5IDAAQ&ved=0CL8BEOgT" style="color: #222222;"><strong>Education</strong></a><strong>: </strong></span><span class="kno-fv"><span class="kno-fv-vq fl" data-vq="/search?hl=en&sa=X&tbo=d&rlz=1T4ADRA_enUS405US405&biw=1366&bih=554&q=%22bruce+cumings%22+%22education%22+%22columbia+university%22&stick=H4sIAAAAAAAAAGOovnz8BQMDAz8HsxKnfq6-gWlWWkmSA6NQ487plx-nVUZ6PwhL63r_vUStYDoAgHGTeywAAAA"><a class="fl" href="https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&sa=X&tbo=d&rlz=1T4ADRA_enUS405US405&biw=1366&bih=554&q=columbia+university&stick=H4sIAAAAAAAAAGOovnz8BQMDAw8HsxKHfq6-gWG5aW7AjRVmK2w8C3uPnFFf9pz9xUWJmGMAe_5LySkAAAA&ei=HCGyUO_4KIqx0AHF5IDAAQ&ved=0CMABEJsTKAA"><span style="color: #1122cc;">Columbia University</span></a></span>, <span class="kno-fv-vq fl" data-vq="/search?hl=en&sa=X&tbo=d&rlz=1T4ADRA_enUS405US405&biw=1366&bih=554&q=%22bruce+cumings%22+%22education%22+%22denison+university%22&stick=H4sIAAAAAAAAAGOovnz8BQMDAz8HsxKnfq6-gWlWWkmSA6OtP6PII3tNlqJJ8p-TFnAITvniNwEAxZ932ywAAAA"><a class="fl" href="https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&sa=X&tbo=d&rlz=1T4ADRA_enUS405US405&biw=1366&bih=554&q=denison+university&stick=H4sIAAAAAAAAAGOovnz8BQMDAy8HsxKnfq6-gXG2eUpe7_PQgAb562-b8z8ur2Hzv7ou2tMXAHGvFgsqAAAA&ei=HCGyUO_4KIqx0AHF5IDAAQ&ved=0CMEBEJsTKAE"><span style="color: #1122cc;">Denison University</span></a></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&sa=X&tbo=d&rlz=1T4ADRA_enUS405US405&biw=1366&bih=554&q=korea's+place+in+the+sun&stick=H4sIAAAAAAAAAGOovnz8BQMDgzYHsxCnfq6-gWlWWkmSEheIaVJuUZxVoiXgWFqSkV8Uku-Un5_tn5dT-c68w6TjbYBKB-eOb4KSbGvzJHhfAQCuaV1bSAAAAA&ei=HCGyUO_4KIqx0AHF5IDAAQ&ved=0CMUBELEOMBI"><span style="font-size: large;"><img alt="Korea's place in the sun" border="0" height="110" id="vrthumb19s0" src="data:image/jpeg;base64,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" title="Korea's place in the sun" width="73" /></span></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div>
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<a href="https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&sa=X&tbo=d&rlz=1T4ADRA_enUS405US405&biw=1366&bih=554&q=north+korea+book&stick=H4sIAAAAAAAAAGOovnz8BQMDgzYHsxCnfq6-gWlWWkmSEheIaVJuUZyVrSXgWFqSkV8Uku-Un5_tn5dTqbWS4dPdGS2rXiW1X9R83uyfvXOVHQCnzxvuSAAAAA&ei=HCGyUO_4KIqx0AHF5IDAAQ&ved=0CMgBELEOMBI"><img alt="North Korea" border="0" height="110" id="vrthumb19s1" src="data:image/jpeg;base64,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" style="margin-left: -2px;" title="North Korea" width="76" /></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><br />
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<a class="fl ellip" href="https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&sa=X&tbo=d&rlz=1T4ADRA_enUS405US405&biw=1366&bih=554&q=north+korea+book&stick=H4sIAAAAAAAAAGOovnz8BQMDgzYHsxCnfq6-gWlWWkmSEheIaVJuUZyVrSXgWFqSkV8Uku-Un5_tn5dTqbWS4dPdGS2rXiW1X9R83uyfvXOVHQCnzxvuSAAAAA&ei=HCGyUO_4KIqx0AHF5IDAAQ&ved=0CMcBEMQNMBI" style="display: block; margin-bottom: -1px; padding-bottom: 1px; white-space: normal; width: 100%;" title="North Korea">North Korea</a></div>
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The critical issue was freedom of choice in regard to repatriation. North Korean Pows and chinese POWs did not want to return to communist control. Meanwhile South Korea refused to sign any armistice that would keep Korea divided.</div>
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"North Koreans had abused many Americans depriving them of food,sleep and subject many to political thought reform" (32). </blockquote>
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North Koreans were trying to brainwash Americans. At first they were trying to overthrow Americans in their country.<br />
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"In 1953 the communist side agreed to place POWs who refused repatriation under the control of the Neutral Nations' Supervisory Commission for three months" (33). </blockquote>
This was one of the way to change communist minds about repatriation. Americans believed in individual rights and human dignity. However, communist was against that.<br />
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"The fighting could have come to an end much earlier, but both Moscow and Washington had interests in keeping it going since Korea no longer threatened to erupt into general war" (34).<br />
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The war lasted so long because United States of America wanted to showed the world their high power weapons.<br />
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"Countries involved in the Three-year conflict suffered a total of more than 4 million casualties of which at least 2 million were civilians- a higher percentage than in World War II or vietnam"(35). </blockquote>
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Why was this war a collective shrug of the shoulders?<br />
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Many Americans believed this was not a war because in Iowa court ruled that there had been no state of war in korea, since congress never declared one to exist. The tragedy was that the war solved nothing. Only a cease-fire held the peace.<br />
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03586811547576500794noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4050115734880424767.post-21187208902228517422012-11-27T18:30:00.000-05:002012-11-29T16:49:56.775-05:00Iran: The Overthrow of Mossadegh<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-vqHJQgl5jww/ULVLLGIqtVI/AAAAAAAAAAo/ZloNY60kSao/s1600/mohammed-mossadegh-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-vqHJQgl5jww/ULVLLGIqtVI/AAAAAAAAAAo/ZloNY60kSao/s1600/mohammed-mossadegh-1.jpg" /> </a></div>
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<b>Mossadegh </b></div>
In 1953 the United States as requested by the British would overthrow the elected Prime Minister of Iran Mohammad Mossadegh. Mohammad Mossadegh sought to nationalize the Anglo-Iranian Oil company principally owned by the British. The Oil company extracted oil from Iran and gave most of the profits to the British and little back to Iran. Mossadegh wanted to nationalize it let Iranians benefit from their own land and help grow their economy instead of the British economy. Great Britain and the rest of the Western world's economy relied in large part to patroleum reserves. Mossadegh threatened their economic livelihood.<br />
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"A high standard of living depended largely on the oil it extracted from Iran... required it to pay Iran just 16 percent of the money it earned from selling the country's oil." (p. 117) <br />
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<b> John Dulles</b></div>
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John Dulles was the Secretary of State under President Eisenhower. In Kinzer's overthrow he is described as a man shaped by privileged upbringing, a career working with the worlds richest corporations and his religion. He was the number one corporate lawyer for big multinational corporations. He believed in the rights of corporations and the special obligation for those living the good way to bring it towards others and fight the evils of communism. He is described as being confrontational, stubborn, arrogant and hard to persuade. He would partly lead the way to the overthrow of Mossadegh. </div>
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After WW2 nationalism and anti-colonialism was spreading in the world. Iran elected Mossadegh in 1951 who according to Kinzer sought to expel the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company and nationalize the oil industry and use it to develop Iran. The parliament voted to nationalize the industry and it was celebrated in Iran. The British obviously were opposed. Mossadegh pointed out that the British recently nationalized their coal and steel industries and was just trying to do what his country what they did for themselves. The British took action to oppose it including sabotaging their own equipment to prove Iran needed them and eventually trying to overthrow him. <b>Zahedi</b></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-BWkGW31HbAY/ULVLNk7esQI/AAAAAAAAAAw/oiA7yCm-GBk/s1600/Photos_Articles_03_18_10_Aminis_674089941.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-BWkGW31HbAY/ULVLNk7esQI/AAAAAAAAAAw/oiA7yCm-GBk/s200/Photos_Articles_03_18_10_Aminis_674089941.jpg" width="200" /></a> </div>
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The British being unsuccessful proposed the U.S. under Eisenhower overthrow Mossadegh. The U.S. started taking action first by claiming Mossadegh was bringing communism to Iran. However this was not true. Dulles would enlist the CIA which had mainly been used for intelligence gathering to help overthrow the government. The US would bride officials to distance themselves from Mossadegh and pay journalists to create distrust of him and hire hugs to riot in the streets to crate disorder.<br />
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"The Americans would spend $150,000 to bribe journalists, editors Islamic preachers, and other opinion leaders to "create, extend and enhance public hostility and distrust and fear of Mossadegh and his government." (p. 123) <br />
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In Iran and the U.S. he would be referred to as a dictator and a communist and manufactured unrest came across Iran. The operation to overthrow him was called Operation Ajax. They would order the Shah of Iran to sign royal decrees known as firmans to dismiss him from office and appoint General Zahedi as Prime Minister. </div>
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<img height="72" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-BWkGW31HbAY/ULVLNk7esQI/AAAAAAAAAAw/oiA7yCm-GBk/s200/Photos_Articles_03_18_10_Aminis_674089941.jpg" style="filter: alpha(opacity=30); left: 115px; opacity: 0.3; position: absolute; top: 1147px;" width="96" />Julian Gautreauhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02228112532948887105noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4050115734880424767.post-69085350458783860232012-10-04T18:24:00.000-04:002012-10-04T18:24:09.322-04:00Keynes: "The Economic Consequences of Peace," 1920<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;">Perhaps the most significant analysis of the peace treaties and the reparations imposed by the victors upon the defeated central powers after the Great War was written by a young English economist, John Maynard Keynes. Keynes, who worked for British Treasury, was present as an advisor to Prime Minister Lloyd George in Paris for the debates surrounding the Versailles Treaties. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;">Keynes' most famous work is <em>The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money</em>(1936) which influenced a generation of 'Keynesian' economists who looked to Keynes to explain the economics of the Great Depression.</span><br />
<br />
<strong>An excerpt from John Maynard Keynes, "The Economic Consequences of Peace," 1920.</strong><br />
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"This chapter must be one of pessimism. The Treaty includes no provisions for
the economic rehabilitation of Europe, - nothing to make the defeated Central
Empires into good neighbors, nothing to stabilize the new States of Europe,
nothing to reclaim Russia; nor does it promote in any way a compact of economic
solidarity amongst the Allies themselves; no arrangement was reached at Paris
for restoring the disordered finances of France and Italy, or to adjust the
systems of the Old World and the New.
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<br />
The Council of Four paid no attention to these issues, being preoccupied with
others, - Clemenceau to crush the economic life of his enemy, Lloyd George to do
a deal and bring home something which would pass muster for a week, the
President to do nothing that was not just and right. It is an extraordinary fact
that the fundamental economic problems of a Europe starving and disintegrating
before their eyes, was the one question in which it was impossible to arouse the
interest of the Four. Reparation was their main excursion into the economic
field, and they settled it as a problem of theology, of politics, of electoral
chicane, from every point of view except that of the economic future of the
States whose destiny they were handling [. . .]
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<br />
The essential facts of the situation, as I see them, are expressed simply.
Europe consists of the densest aggregation of population in the history of the
world. This population is accustomed to a relatively high standard of life, in
which, even now, some sections of it anticipate improvement rather than
deterioration. In relation to other continents Europe is not self-sufficient; in
particular it cannot feed itself. Internally the population is not evenly
distributed, but much of it is crowded into a relatively small number of dense
industrial centers. This population secured for itself a livelihood before the
war, without much margin of surplus, by means of a delicate and immensely
complicated organization, of which the foundations were supported by coal, iron,
transport, and an unbroken supply of imported food and raw materials from other
continents. By the destruction of this organization and the interruption of the
stream of supplies, a part of this population is deprived of its means of
livelihood. Emigration is not open to the redundant surplus. For it would take
years to transport them overseas, even, which is not the case, if countries
could be found which were ready to receive them. The danger confronting us,
therefore, is the rapid depression of the standard of life of the European
populations to a point which will mean actual starvation for some (a point
already reached in Russia and approximately reached in Austria). Men will not
always die quietly. For starvation, which brings to some lethargy and a helpless
despair, drives other temperaments to the nervous instability of hysteria and to
a mad despair. And these in their distress may overturn the remnants of
organization, and submerge civilization itself in their attempts to satisfy
desperately the overwhelming needs of the individual. This is the danger against
which all our resources and courage and idealism must now co-operate. <br />
<br />
On the 13th May, 1919, Count Brockdorff-Rantzau addressed to the Peace
Conference of the Allied and Associated Powers the Report of the German Economic
Commission charged with the study of the effect of the conditions of Peace on
the situation of the German population. "In the course of the last two
generations," they reported, "Germany has become transformed from an
agricultural State to an industrial State. So long as she was an agricultural
State, Germany could feed forty million inhabitants. As an industrial State she
could insure the means of subsistence for a population of sixty-seven millions;
and in 1913 the importation of foodstuffs amounted, in round figures, to twelve
million tons. Before the war a total of fifteen million persons in Germany
provided for their existence by foreign trade, navigation, and the use, directly
or indirectly, of foreign raw material." After rehearsing the main relevant
provisions of the Peace Treaty the report continues: "After this diminution of
her products, after the economic depression resulting from the loss of her
colonies, her merchant fleet and her foreign investments, Germany will not be in
a position to import from abroad an adequate quantity of raw material. An
enormous part of German industry will, therefore, be condemned inevitably to
destruction. The need of importing foodstuffs will increase considerably at the
same time that the possibility of satisfying this demand is as greatly
diminished. In a very short time, therefore, Germany will not be in a position
to give bread and work to her numerous millions of inhabitants, who are
prevented from earning their livelihood by navigation and trade. These persons
should emigrate, but this is a material impossibility, all the more because many
countries and the most important ones will oppose any German immigration. To put
the Peace conditions into execution would logically involve, therefore, the loss
of several millions of persons in Germany. This catastrophe would not be long in
coming about, seeing that the health of the population has been broken down
during the War by the Blockade, and during the Armistice by the aggravation of
the Blockade of famine. No help however great, or over however long a period it
were continued, could prevent these deaths <i>en masse." </i>"We do not know,
and indeed we doubt," the report concludes, "whether the Delegates of the Allied
and Associated Powers realize the inevitable consequences which will take place
if Germany, an industrial State, very thickly populated, closely bound up with
the economic system of the world, and under the necessity of importing enormous
quantities of raw material and foodstuffs, suddenly finds herself pushed back to
the phase of her development, which corresponds to her economic condition and
the numbers of her population as they were half a century ago. Those who sign
this Treaty will sign the death sentence of many millions of German men, women
and children." <br />
<br />
I know of no adequate answer to these words. The indictment is at least as
true of the Austrian, as of the German, settlement. This is the fundamental
problem in front of us, before which questions of territorial adjustment and the
balance of European power are insignificant. Some of the catastrophes of past
history, which have thrown back human progress for centuries, have been due to
the reactions following on the sudden termination, whether in the course of
nature or by the act of man, of temporarily favorable conditions which have
permitted the growth of population beyond what could be provided for when the
favorable conditions were at an end."<br />
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To read the full text in PDF: <a href="http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&ved=0CC8QFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fsocserv2.mcmaster.ca%2Fecon%2Fugcm%2F3ll3%2Fkeynes%2Fpdf%2526filename%253Dpeace3.pdf&ei=zQJuUKaULO2D0QGr-oGgCw&usg=AFQjCNHiizgNvSZigFSHe9LyuhWD5uNDlA" target="_blank">John Maynard Keynes, "The Economic Consequences of Peace," 1920</a><span id="goog_492290869"></span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/"></a><span id="goog_492290870"></span><br />
<br />
Source of Excerpt: <a href="http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1920keynes.html" target="_blank">Modern History Source Book, Fordham University</a><br />
Original Source: John Maynard Keynes, <i>The Economic Consequences of the Peace </i>(New
York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1920), pp.211-216. A. Mattsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02245371044449114621noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4050115734880424767.post-30377548382559758222012-10-02T10:47:00.000-04:002012-10-02T10:47:19.968-04:00An English Camp<br />
Colette sets the reader up with a vivid description of how the English camps were set up during the first world war. The soldiers and shelters blended in with the surrounding sand, making everything become a sea of khaki. She describes how the camps appear luxurious, pushing aside what the soldiers were truly there for. Colette explains,<br />
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<span class="s1">“It’s all there. The abundance, perfection even, and that soldier’s gait so distinctive in its <span class="Apple-tab-span"> </span>relaxed agility, inspire in us in the first instance a kind of respectful dismay; as an image <span class="Apple-tab-span"> </span>of mobilization transfixed, it gives a worrying impression of permanence... the notion <span class="Apple-tab-span"> </span>doesn’t last. Regularly swelled by landings from England, the camp feeds a measured <span class="Apple-tab-span"> </span>flow of combatants to various fronts.”</span></blockquote>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-fohJePG4hyU/UGr10y11Y0I/AAAAAAAAAD4/Es1-Sr0M3u8/s1600/ap-america-military-world-war-i-wwi-british-soldiers-ap-milit-wwi-00031smd.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="256" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-fohJePG4hyU/UGr10y11Y0I/AAAAAAAAAD4/Es1-Sr0M3u8/s320/ap-america-military-world-war-i-wwi-british-soldiers-ap-milit-wwi-00031smd.jpeg" width="320" /></a><span class="s1">The imagery Colette uses to describe the camp and soldiers helps the reader to visualize how appealing the military looked on the home front but a deeper look shows how they were masking the horrors of the Great War. She describes the soldiers as,</span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span class="s1">"Wearing the smiles of children at First Communion, they look at us with curious eyes made bluer still by contrast with their tanned skin..."</span></blockquote>
</div>
<div class="p2">
<span class="s1"></span><br /></div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s1">Later in the reading, Colette encounters an Indian officer who, with no hint of an accent, shows her around a less appealing and less crowded part of the camp due to the recent deployment of Indian troops. The different cultures embraced the war with different attitudes. The English more laid back, where as others were much more serious. </span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4050115734880424767.post-73113576904713203732012-10-02T00:58:00.000-04:002012-10-03T01:53:43.663-04:00Journey to the End of the Night<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-CNLVcji0yq8/UGpU3lT5VbI/AAAAAAAAAAU/1EIG1k4PL6Q/s1600/war.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-CNLVcji0yq8/UGpU3lT5VbI/AAAAAAAAAAU/1EIG1k4PL6Q/s1600/war.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Louis-Ferdinand Celine</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Louis-Ferdinand Celine was a French novelist,pamphleteer, and physician who lived from May 1894 - July 1961. He wrote numerous works of literature that are still read today. <i>Journey to the End of the Night</i> was his first novel written in 1932. This novel was a semi-autobiographical work.<br />
<br />
From the excerpt I read, it is clear that he was shocked at what was going on during the years of World War I. It was also evident that the main character never experienced war. He considered himself a "virgin" to war. He didn't feel comfortable in the war zone and regretted not committing a crime because he felt that being in jail would've ensured his safety.He said, "You come out of jail alive, out of a war you don't!" In the excerpt, he was describing the fight between his country, France and the enemy Germany during WWI. He was confused as to why the two countries were even at war to begin with. This is probably a thought that many of the soldiers of France were thinking. He knew how to speak German and even attended school in their country. The reason of being at war with Germany was a question he did not know the answer too. This man was afraid and was questioning his manly-hood. He states, " Could I, I thought, be the last coward on earth." The reason he is saying this is because the environment around him was so hectic; It was complete madness around him with constant gunfire and explosions, it drove some people crazy.<br />
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"Those unknown soldiers missed us every time, but they spun a thousand deaths around us, so close they seemed to clothe us. I was afraid to move." (Celine p.8-9)<br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2l5zZmMLRc8/UGpz6zkj8-I/AAAAAAAAAAk/onWY1izhGyI/s1600/gun.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2l5zZmMLRc8/UGpz6zkj8-I/AAAAAAAAAAk/onWY1izhGyI/s1600/gun.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The new machine gun that the German forces used against their enemies.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
- This quote seemed important to discuss because it describes how scared he was throughout his time in battle. Even though he didn't get killed, he witnessed a lot of deaths around him and it changed his psyche.<br />
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"And so he stood on the embankment, stiff as a board, swaying, the sweat running down his chin strap; his jaws were trembling so hard that little abortive cries kept coming out of him, like a puppy dreaming. You couldn't make out whether he wanted to speak to us or whether he was crying." (Celine p. 11)<br />
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- This was a significant quote in the reading because it describes the fear and emotions that a cavalryman felt after seeing his Sergeant be killed. I also like this quote because it shows how hard it must have been mentally for these men.<br />
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WWI video of Trench Warfare<span style="background-color: white;"></span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: red;"><b>Including the millions of people who died
there also was a massive number of casualties that were forever affected
from this devastation in history. </b></span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: red;"><b>This is a video of people with"shell shock" which is a result of being in war. The content of this video are disturbing and sad.</b></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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Reference:<br />
Louis-Ferdinand Celine.<i> Journey to the End of the Night. </i>Published 1932.<br />
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http://www.themodernnovel.com/french/celine/author.htm<br />
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<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12730716243596988796noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4050115734880424767.post-24797837736721776052012-09-26T19:53:00.000-04:002012-09-26T19:53:20.890-04:00Do you believe Americans should have join the World War I ?<br />
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<br />
<a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:John_Dewey_in_1902.jpg"><img alt="" height="288" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/John_Dewey_in_1902.jpg/220px-John_Dewey_in_1902.jpg" width="220" /></a><br />
<br />
John Dewey<br />
<br />
John Dewey was an American Psychologist, Philosopher, educator, Social critic and political activist. He wrote "Conscription of thought".<br />
<br />
America was unsure about joining the war. However, John Dewey believed America should have join the war. According to John Dewey "Men pay more for flour and beef steak whether they like it or not, and at countless social points they have to ask themselves whether they will make a sacrifice willingly from sense, of union with their fellows, or sourly, peevishly, disgruntedly, in a sense of isolation."<br />
<br />
John Dewey was asking the Civilian population will you join the union or shy away from the war. <br />
John Dewey do not want United States of America to be isolated.<br />
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<img src="http://ts2.mm.bing.net/th?id=I.4903242755670533&pid=1.7&w=250&h=154&c=7&rs=1" style="height: 154px;" /><br />
Civilian protesting against the war<br />
<br />
"There is probably no one in the country who was not aware that many persons among us were pro German in their sympathies; that there were others who were opposed to all war and yet others were <br />
opposed to all war and yet others with whom this war was unpopular, and others who centered their hostility upon, the policy of conscription. Alot of people were against the war because the aftermath of any war was horrible.<br />
<br />
Why should United States join the War ?<br />
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<br />
<img src="http://ts2.mm.bing.net/th?id=I.5008301927366905&pid=1.7&w=245&h=155&c=7&rs=1" style="height: 155px;" /><br />
Soldiers getting ready to go to war<br />
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According to John Dewey " we justify our attacks and suppressions on the rational ground that Social Cohesion is a necessity and that we are simply taking measures to secure Union."<br />
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United states of America entered the war because we want to be apart of a union.<br />
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John Dewey believed that if the President do not join the war we would missed one of the greatest contribution.<br />
<br />
According to John Dewey if " we don't join the war we shall missed the great experience of discovering the significance of American national life by seeing it reflected into the remaking of the life of the world.Without this experience we shall miss the contribution which the war has to make the creation of a United America.<br />
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<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-size: large;"></span> </blockquote>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03586811547576500794noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4050115734880424767.post-60325869615588995552012-09-26T19:38:00.001-04:002012-09-26T19:38:47.240-04:00CONSCIENCE AND COMPULSION BY JOHN DEWEY<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://dewey.pragmatism.org/PHILOSOPHYOFDEWEY_MCDERMOTT.GIF" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://dewey.pragmatism.org/PHILOSOPHYOFDEWEY_MCDERMOTT.GIF" /></a><a href="http://dewey.pragmatism.org/ESSENTIALDEWEY_VOL1.GIF" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://dewey.pragmatism.org/ESSENTIALDEWEY_VOL1.GIF" /></a><a href="http://dewey.pragmatism.org/POLITICALWRITINGS.GIF" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://dewey.pragmatism.org/POLITICALWRITINGS.GIF" /></a><a href="http://dewey.pragmatism.org/PHILOSOPHYOFDEWEY_MCDERMOTT.GIF" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="http://dewey.pragmatism.org/MORALWRITINGS.GIF" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://dewey.pragmatism.org/MORALWRITINGS.GIF" /></a><a href="http://dewey.pragmatism.org/dewey.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="http://dewey.pragmatism.org/dewey.gif" width="121" /></a></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /><o:p></o:p></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>Name:</b> John Dewey<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>D.O.B/D.O.D:</b> Oct. 20,
1859 – June 1, 1952<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>Profession:</b>
American Philosopher, Psychologist, Educational Reformer<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>Some Famous Works:</b>
<i>Human Nature</i> (1917), <i>Conscience and Compulsion</i> (1917), <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><i>Human Nature and
Conduct</i> (1922), <i>A Common Faith</i>
(1934)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">The piece that I
analyzed was from the document called <i>Conscience
and Compulsion </i>(1917). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">“One of my most depressing experiences in connection with
this matter was the number of young men who when war was actually declared
merely clumsily rolled their conscience out from under the imperative of “Thou
shalt not kill” till it settled under the imperative of “Obey the law,”
although they still saw the situation exactly as they had seen it before”. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">To begin, John Dewey did not want to enter the war. He
opposed it. He thought it would disrupt the progressive movement. In addition,
he thought the war would have a negative impact on American society and only
the industrialists and bankers would benefit. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">The excerpt that I chose above was very interesting to me. At
first, he was describing the way he felt when all of these young men were sent
to war. It was depressing. The reason why was because Dewey thought that
America really did not have a sound reason to enter the war. As stated in the
quote, the soldiers first went to war because they were defending the concept
of “Thou shalt not kill”. They were fighting for the men that lost their lives
during the sinking of Lusitania. However, after the war their reason changed. “Obey
the law” was why they fought. In their prospective, the law allowed them to go
to war. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">I also noticed that both reasons were from the Bible. “Thou
shalt not kill” is part of the 10 Commandments and “Obey the law” is from
Romans 13:1-7. The Bible tells you to follow the 10 Commandments but also to
follow the laws of the land. There are laws wherever you go therefore it was a
justification to enter World War 1. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10535938145023043598noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4050115734880424767.post-23931337345249818012012-09-24T19:11:00.001-04:002012-09-24T19:11:11.557-04:00The Somme Still Flows<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ahEmcdIt1zs/UGDmYcO0RnI/AAAAAAAAAAc/MwU5oa8R3cE/s1600/3656.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="231" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ahEmcdIt1zs/UGDmYcO0RnI/AAAAAAAAAAc/MwU5oa8R3cE/s320/3656.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">"The Somme Still Flows" by Edmund Blunden is an essay
portraying the French and German war. Blunden is telling war from a soldier point of view. Throughout
his essay, if felt as if there were truly no winners. Both parties of the war
end up becoming failures because more times then not both sides
involved will have a high number of causalities. The people who are able to make it out
of the battlefield alive were traumatized at the visions that the war left
etched in their minds.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Without people fighting over battle various battlegrounds
there would be no such thing as war. The essay discusses how the Somme battle
may be described as a big question mark. </span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-size: large;">“By the end of the day both sides had
seen, in a sad scrawl of broken earth and murdered men, the answer to that
question.” </span></blockquote>
<span style="font-size: large;">No matter how worst the bad became and it seemed evident that the
war should not continue, however, both parties went on. For month’s attacks continued the
casualty rate grew higher and higher. To my astonishment these men continued on
their journey when nothing seemed to be promised to them except death.</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<!--EndFragment-->Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4050115734880424767.post-62789334385676074862012-09-23T17:16:00.000-04:002012-09-23T17:17:49.129-04:00A Night in a German Munitions Factory<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">The role of women in industry during World War I was pivotal, no matter which side of the battle they were on. Kate Kestian's passage from her book, "<em>When Our Men Lay in the Trenches</em>" described the frightening, unsafe conditions that women faced while working in a munitions factory for the German side, while their husbands were fighting on the front lines.</span> </span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-SMs8y3-9ybY/UF9mV1qJOEI/AAAAAAAAAAk/mPwtj4k9oRE/s1600/robert-hunt-german-women-employed-in-a-german-munitions-factory-during-world-war-i_i-G-46-4615-7LKFG00Z.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-SMs8y3-9ybY/UF9mV1qJOEI/AAAAAAAAAAk/mPwtj4k9oRE/s320/robert-hunt-german-women-employed-in-a-german-munitions-factory-during-world-war-i_i-G-46-4615-7LKFG00Z.jpg" width="239" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Kestian described how the smell of ether overtook her that first day in the factory. "You'll get used to it," promised an elderly worker. "Tomorrow you won't even notice it!" Only sometimes, Kestian explains, is she seized by a "paralysing weariness" that makes her "eyelids feel like lead" and gives her double vision. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Women that did the same job as Kestian used a cutting machine with razor sharp blades that would cut sticks of gun powder to be put in missiles. Other women then grabbed the sticks and bundled and packed them. These jobs required absolute concentration and accuracy at all times.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Many women, however, were forced to take night shifts so that they could tend to their children during the day and had little, if any, sleep. Exhaustion, coupled with dangerous equipment and the effects of the ether, made their work a ticking time bomb.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"></span><br />
<em><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">"I had been standing in my place at the table for about a week when it happened. A scream, as if from many mouths and yet just one single scream, rose through the room."</span></em><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia;">A woman's hand had been severed in half. She was a mother with four children at home--whose husband was already wounded in the war-- and was horrified at the prospect of having to go to the hospital herself. Although in shock, she knew she had to support her children.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia;"><em>"She felt for her injured hand and a smile crossed her deathly pale face. 'Thank God, it's only the left.' "</em></span><br />
<em><span style="font-family: Georgia;"></span></em><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia;">After the blood had been cleaned up, and they had a break, the women returned to their work.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia;"><em>"It's been one of those nights!" stated a supervisor. "But at least everyone keeps awake when things go crazy."</em></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia;"></span><br />
<em><span style="font-family: Georgia;"></span></em><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"></span><br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13989733886498930110noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4050115734880424767.post-19809557702830903832011-12-22T14:24:00.000-05:002011-12-22T14:24:33.580-05:00NSC-68<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://us.history.wisc.edu/hist102/pdocs/nsc68.pdf"><b><span style="color: #007ac9;">NSC 68</span></b></a> <span style="color: black;">is a document, written in 1950 to analyze the course of
action available to the President of the United States in defense to the Soviet
Union during the ongoing </span><a href="http://www.history.com/topics/cold-war"><b><span style="color: #007ac9;">Cold
War</span></b></a><span style="color: black;">. NSC 68 focuses on the military,
economic, political and psychological standpoints of the United States in
relation to the Soviet Union.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>NSC 68 was
presented to </span><a href="http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/harrystruman"><b><span style="color: #007ac9;">President
Harry S. Truman</span></b></a><span style="color: black;"> by his National Security
Council and was primarily written by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Nitze"><b><span style="color: #007ac9;">Paul H. Nitze</span></b></a>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nitze proposed that the U.S. take a more
drastic and aggressive form of foreign policy to safeguard the nation, as well
as the free world from communist rule. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>NSC
68 focused on the need for a massive military buildup, an increase in military
funding for the armed forces, and authorization for the development of the
hydrogen bomb. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black;">In response to
President Truman's request to the <a href="http://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/eop/nsc"><b><span style="color: #007ac9;">National Security
Council</span></b></a>, NSC 68 was to conduct "a re-examination of our objectives
in peace and war and of the effect of these objectives on our strategic
plans".<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>NSC 68 called for immediate
action and contained a detailed outline portraying a proposal for extreme
changes in the current U.S. foreign policy of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Containment"><b><span style="color: #007ac9;">containment</span></b></a>. NSC 68
proposed the need for an aggressively larger, and more prepared military, including
higher funding to back its expansion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>At
the time of NSC 68 most agreed that diplomatic solutions were fully exhausted
and military might was the only thing that would slow the Communist expansion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
NSC 68 was an important Cold War document because
it presented a world view of that conflict, which engaged U.S. society for
nearly forty years. It portrayed a world divided by an epic struggle between
two ideologies, in which the outcome could only be victory or defeat. It
provided the justification for rearming the United States after World War II while
prompting an arms race. Although actual war with the Soviet Union never
occurred, NSC 68 helped put the United States on a war footing for generations,
thereby contributing to the shaping of American society and culture during the
second half of the twentieth century.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>NSC-68 was an important part of an overall shift in American <span class="yshortcuts1"><span style="color: windowtext;">foreign policy</span></span>
to a full containment strategy that was established by following
administrations.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4050115734880424767.post-31146563554937999472011-12-21T21:00:00.007-05:002011-12-21T21:52:59.308-05:00"Our Days of Weakness are Over!"<div><br /><div align="center"><strong><span style="font-size:180%;">THE INVASION OF GRENADA<br /></span></strong></div><strong><span style="font-size:180%;"></span></strong><div><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; width: 244px; height: 191px; text-align: center; display: block; cursor: pointer;" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5688770860271729314" border="0" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-nIjW8A0YBeU/TvKS9P8W-qI/AAAAAAAAAAQ/OzHXy8GEO48/s320/grenada.jpg" /></div><div> </div><div>The <a href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/general-article/reagan-grenada/">invasion of Grenada</a>, codenamed "Operation Urgent Fury", was the 1983 US-led invasion of the Caribbean Island (located 100 miles north of Venezula).</div><div> </div><div><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-8hsZCweo5wE/TvKTVHpGNpI/AAAAAAAAAAc/DwUo7-t0IDM/s1600/map.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px 0px 10px 10px; width: 257px; height: 195px; float: right; cursor: pointer;" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5688771270360315538" border="0" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-8hsZCweo5wE/TvKTVHpGNpI/AAAAAAAAAAc/DwUo7-t0IDM/s320/map.jpg" /></a></div><div> </div><div><div>A bizarre series of events took place in mid October on the tiny Caribbean island. This was the first major operation conducted by the US Military since the <a href="http://www.history.com/topics/vietnam-war">Vietnam War</a>. </div></div><div>President <a href="http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/ronaldreagan">Ronald Reagan</a> initiated the invasion, and created the National Security Decision Directive, which authorized military commanders to prepare options for possible action in Grenada.</div><div>The invasion was triggered by building tensions between the militaries, and the fact that President Reagan was informed of the "secret" construction of large airports and long runways, which to Americans was a threat of an attack.</div><div>There were several hundered American students who were attending a medical school in Grenada, so the main concern was their evacuation and safety.</div><div align="right"> </div><div align="right"><div align="right"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-E5El4tcFGM4/TvKWeVeRJWI/AAAAAAAAAA0/SQ4e8HawcEs/s1600/reagan.png"><img style="margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; width: 245px; height: 142px; float: left; cursor: pointer;" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5688774727226697058" border="0" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-E5El4tcFGM4/TvKWeVeRJWI/AAAAAAAAAA0/SQ4e8HawcEs/s320/reagan.png" /></a></div>The people had voted Reagan into presidency in 1980 because he promised to restore the "standing" of the </div><div align="right">United States. Grenada gave him this chance..</div><div align="right"> </div><div align="right">Vice President George Bush called to report that the Special</div><div align="right">Situation Group favored an operation that would not only</div><div align="right">"secure American citizens, but restore democratic rule and end Cuban influence...that meant a full-scale invasion and overthrow of Grenada's government.</div><div align="right"> </div><div align="center">"If we've got to go there"..."We might as well do all that needs to be done"</div><div align="center">- Ronald Reagan</div><div align="center"> </div><div align="left">The United States had no choice but to act strongly and decisively in order to defend its nation from any outside threats. The government of the United States had to save Grenada and the region from a "brutal gang of Leftist thugs".</div><div align="left">There are two basic reasons that determined the President's decision to invade Grenada,</div><div align="left">First, was his concertn for the welfare of American citizens living on Grenada.</div><div align="left">Second, due to elements of grave concern to their safety and peace taking place. United States needed to assist in insuring and reinstating peace and stability in Grenada.</div><div align="left"> </div><div align="left">The Invasion aimed for and resulted in the restoration of a constituional government. Nearly 8,000 soldiers, airmen, and Marines participated in the invasion. Only 19 Americans were killed.</div><div align="left">The invasion was justified and had support of Americans and the surrounding countries. University students were at risk and could have been taken hostage, the US had to take control of the situation at hand. </div><div align="left">The problems that were faced during the invasion were due to lack of intelligence.</div><div align="left">Americans faced difficulties navagating through unknown territory. An analysis by the United States Department of Defense showed a need for improved communications and coordination between branches of the United States forces and outsiders. </div><div align="left"> </div><div align="left">This video shows President Ronald Reagan discussing the invasion of Grenada.</div><div align="left"><a href="http://youtu.be/JsikiUfIbFg">http://youtu.be/JsikiUfIbFg</a></div><div align="left"> </div><div align="right"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-E5El4tcFGM4/TvKWeVeRJWI/AAAAAAAAAA0/SQ4e8HawcEs/s1600/reagan.png"></a> </div><div align="right"> </div><div> </div><div> </div><div> </div><div> </div></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4050115734880424767.post-10085094204083195002011-12-15T17:53:00.007-05:002011-12-15T19:03:03.013-05:00Our Days of Weakness Are Over - The U.S. Invasion of Grenada<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-US9v01VkUrQ/Tup_NDBRqFI/AAAAAAAAAAQ/AFrJ7nxEoMY/s1600/ronald-reagan-na-na-na.jpg"><img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 200px; height: 185px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-US9v01VkUrQ/Tup_NDBRqFI/AAAAAAAAAAQ/AFrJ7nxEoMY/s200/ronald-reagan-na-na-na.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5686497341634357330" border="0" /></a><br /> After the United States called its loses in Vietnam the morale of the country was down. President Reagan was looking for an easy victory and in the Grenada located in the Caribbean was Reagan's perfect chance. There had been previous conflict between Grenada and the United States after Prime Minster Maurice Bishop who was a moderate Marxist-Leninist began to associate the country with Communist countries. Bishop had felt threatened by the United States and in fear of invasion became allied with the Soviet Union who supplied them with millions of dollars worth of military supplies for free. Grenada was seen as a threat to democracy but the United States did not have an valid reason to invade this reason. Vice President George. H. W. Bush along with a Special Situation group that was set up to handle the Grenada crisis began to articulate what form of military action was going to take place.<br /><br /><div style="text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: left;"> The perfect opportunity arose when Prime Minister Bishop had been overthrown by a supposed comrade Bernard Coard. Coard despite his lack of public support became the new Prime Minister of Grenada and arrested Bishop. Bishop was found by his supports tied to his bed along with the Minister of Education Jacqueline Craft and released. Shortly after Bis<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-NNDADU8li2k/TuqD38hx1GI/AAAAAAAAAA0/j-rzVS3T4Z8/s1600/2c75a047c64fe7b391c66b04859da714_1M.png"><img style="float:right; margin:0 0 10px 10px;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 200px; height: 155px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-NNDADU8li2k/TuqD38hx1GI/AAAAAAAAAA0/j-rzVS3T4Z8/s200/2c75a047c64fe7b391c66b04859da714_1M.png" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5686502476672521314" border="0" /></a>hop's rescue he was again captured. Jacqueline Craft, Bishop and six others were executed. This execution was the leading factor to the United States invasion in Grenada.<br /></div><br />The United States needed legal justification for the invasion. Secretary of State Charles Gillespie persuaded six Caribbean Prime Ministers from the Organization of East Caribbean States to sign on board with the United States invasion. These prime ministers signed for they wanted the United States "to take action for collective defense and preservation of peace and security against external aggression."<br /><br />The U.S.S. ship <span style="font-style: italic;">Guam</span> was told to change its root from it original destination in Lebanon. The United States will ill prepared for the invasion having little to no knowledge of who was in charge and how eq<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--8IKjA1qpvQ/TuqKj_39kQI/AAAAAAAAABA/o5bZjvEklmA/s1600/300px-USS_Guam.jpg"><img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 300px; height: 212px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--8IKjA1qpvQ/TuqKj_39kQI/AAAAAAAAABA/o5bZjvEklmA/s320/300px-USS_Guam.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5686509830554882306" border="0" /></a>uipped their military was. Despite the set back in lack of information the United States was well equipped militarily with troops of soldiers, planes, munitions and jeeps. "The mission, code-named Operation Urgent Fury, was to 'protect and evacuate U.S. and designated foreign nationals from Grenada, neutralize Grenadian forces, stabilize the internal situation, and...assist in the restoration of a democratic government on Grenada."<br /><br />Operation Urgent Fury was successful not only in Grenada but in restore the morale back on the home front. The reasoning behind this invasion is similar to other invasions that have taken place in the Caribbean such as Cuba, the Philippines, Guatemala and the Dominican Republic.<br /><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><br /></span><div style="text-align: right;"><br /><span style="text-decoration: underline;"></span></div><span style="text-decoration: underline;"></span></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4050115734880424767.post-70584090544465818972011-12-15T17:05:00.003-05:002011-12-15T17:27:48.814-05:00<div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" ><b>The End of the Warsaw Pact</b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" ><b><br /></b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" ><b><br /></b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://chandrakantha.com/articles/indian_music/filmi_sangeet/media/1991_Cartoon_1.jpg" /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div><p align="LEFT" style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 0.23in; "><span ><span ><span style="font-size: 9pt"><br /></span></span></span></p><p align="LEFT" style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 0.23in; "> <span ><span ><span style="font-size: 9pt">The Soviet Union moved with fear in response to the anti-communist formation NATO . The soviet Union concluded the Warsaw Pact with its satellites in May 1955. It included all communist states in Europe - Soviet Russia, Albania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Czechoslovakia and East Germany. The Pact spoke of peaceful intentions and defense. It allowed its members to participate in any other coalition or alliance but it assured members of immediate assistance, including the use of armed force, in the event of armed aggression from other countries. To provide for military assistance, a Russian Supreme Commander was appointed to lead the combined armed forces of its members. A committee was established to foster political understanding of its members.</span></span> </span> </p><p align="LEFT" style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span ><span ><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 0.23in; ">In the Late 1980's the anti-soviet and anti </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px;">communist</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 0.23in;"> movements through eastern Europe began to crack to the war saw pact. Members from the pact started to leave because they wanted to get away from </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; ">communism</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 0.23in;">. </span></span></span></span></p><p align="LEFT" style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 0.23in; "><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px; ">The Soviet Union gave up their control of the war saw pact. A few months later the committee met one last time and they talked about what they accomplished. After that meeting the Warsaw pact was ended.</span></span></p><p align="LEFT" style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 0.23in;">On March 31st, 1991 the </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px;">Warsaw</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; "> pact ended.</span></p><p align="LEFT" style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 0.23in; "><span ><span ><span style="font-size: 9pt"><br /></span></span></span></p></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4050115734880424767.post-6005590545192191682011-12-14T22:55:00.003-05:002011-12-14T23:08:15.809-05:00Address to the Nation on the Iran Arms and Contra Aid Controversy<meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 12"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 12"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CGregory%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><link rel="themeData" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CGregory%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx"><link rel="colorSchemeMapping" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CGregory%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:trackmoves/> <w:trackformatting/> <w:punctuationkerning/> 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style="font-size:100%;">Between 1980 and 1988 Iran and Iraq were involved in a war with each other also known as the <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/4260420.stm">Persian Gulf War</a>. During the war Iran found it difficult to find nations in which to supply them with weapons in which they needed to win the war. Between 1982 and 1992 the Islamic fundamentali</span></span><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">st group, later identified as the <a href="http://www.moqawama.org/">Hezbollah</a>, kidnapped over 100 hostages from multiple nations and killed 230 Americans in the<a href="http://www.beirut-memorial.org/index.html"> Embassy Bombings in Beirut</a>. This was known as the <a href="http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/lebanon/links.html#03">Lebanon Hostage Crisis</a>. The reason for the hostages may very well have been to protect themselves from retaliation of the United States or other countries. The Israeli government supported the Iraqi’s during the war and was willing to supply them with weapons as long as they could be reimbursed from the United States. The <a href="http://www.brown.edu/Research/Understanding_the_Iran_Contra_Affair/timeline-legal.php">controversy</a> began when the Reagan administration officials began to secretly sell weapons to Iran. The plan was that Israel would ship weapons to Iran and then the United States would reimburse Israel and receive their payment. When the Iranians were receiving the weapons they promised to attempt to do everything in their power to get the American hostages released from a terrorist group that was tied to Iran. This changed to an arms-for-hostage scheme in which the government sold weapons to Iran for the release of American hostages. The hostages were sparatically released when the Iranians received the weapons in which they wanted. When America received their payments proceeds of the money went to funding Anti-Sandinista and anti-Communist rebels in Nicaragua. 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mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} </style> <![endif]--><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> <br /> On March 4<sup>th</sup>, 1987 President Ronald Reagan made a <a href="http://millercenter.org/scripps/archive/speeches/detail/3414">speech</a> to the American public about the controversy with Iran and the release of the hostages held by the Hezbollah.<blockquote> “But I’ve had to wait, as you have, for the complete story. That’s why I appointed Ambassador David Abshire as my Special Counsellor to help get out the thousands of documents to the various investigations. And I appointed a Special Review Board, the <a href="http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/PS157/assignment%20files%20public/TOWER%20EXCERPTS.htm">Tower board</a>, which took on the chore of pulling the truth together for me and getting to the bottom of things.” </blockquote>Reagan discusses how he believes that America deserves the truth about the tragedy with the hostages and the controversy of selling weapons to Iran. Reagan was said to not have known a</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">bout this controversy until it was shown to the public. <blockquote>“First, let me say I take full responsibility for my own actions and for those of my administration. As angry as I may be about activities undertaken without my knowledge, I am still accountable for those activities.”</blockquote> While trying to regain trust from the American people with this statement he admits to lying to them about not trading arms for hostages. The entire controversy revolves around this concept along with the money that was sent to fund another war that we weren’t actually part of. He believed that selling the Iranians arms was a strategy in order to accomplish other goals but in fact it turned into an arms-for-hostage strategy, which is not what they had in mind. <blockquote>“It’s clear from the Board’s report, however, that I let my personal concern for the hostages spill over into the geopolitical strategy of reaching out to Iran.”</blockquote> This was critical because of this scandal the United States needed to make sure they did everything possible to release these hostages but in a legitimate way. Reagan also promised the loved ones of these hostages that they would explore every possible avenue to rescue these hostages. On the other hand, suspiciously though the Board was unable to find any information about the money controversy.</span></span><blockquote><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> “The Towe</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">r board wasn’t able to find out what happened to this money, so the facts here will be left to the continuing investigations of the court appointed Independent Counsel and the two congressional investigating committees.” </span></span></blockquote><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="font-size:100%;">Though he is willing to again take responsibility for these actions in which occurred it is strange to see that they were unable to find any information about the money. It is possible that Reagan did know what was happening and told the officials in his administration to destroy the evidence, but we will never know. Unfortunately American hostages were killed though many were released it is a great lose for the American people that we were unable to save our hostages from harm. The last American hostage was released on December 4<sup>th</sup> 1991; while the sad return of the last two deceased American hostages were returned late in December of 1991.</span><br /><br /></span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-IQDcGuKq6gk/Tulv2GIw1yI/AAAAAAAAAAg/JpcVGUX0Qfo/s1600/2011-11-25-ap-iran-contrajpg-628e09a175edf44a.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 210px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-IQDcGuKq6gk/Tulv2GIw1yI/AAAAAAAAAAg/JpcVGUX0Qfo/s320/2011-11-25-ap-iran-contrajpg-628e09a175edf44a.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5686198979682948898" border="0" /></a></span><br /><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><br /></span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4050115734880424767.post-33999130786254303092011-12-13T12:17:00.009-05:002011-12-13T14:21:50.885-05:00Edward R. Murrow vs. McCarthyism<div align="justify"><br /></div><br /><div align="justify"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-GjeO4RdKU3s/TueW2qGEYSI/AAAAAAAAABA/lZg9wP1BgwE/s1600/McCarthy.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5685678920335384866" style="FLOAT: right; MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 135px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 103px" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-GjeO4RdKU3s/TueW2qGEYSI/AAAAAAAAABA/lZg9wP1BgwE/s400/McCarthy.jpg" border="0" /></a></div><br /><div align="justify">By the year 1954, in America, McCarthyism had begun to run its course and the Wisconsin Senator Joseph McCarthy who was once an extremely influential voice in America was coming under fire. McCarthy was at the time the face of the House of Un-American Activities Committee.<br /></div><br /><div align="justify">This Committee was created in 1937 mostly in response to the Ku-Klux-Klan. However, as the Cold War came the focus had shifted to fighting communism on the home front. By 1937 the committee had compiled names of people in Hollywood and accused them of being affiliated with the Communist part. The list was known as the Hollywood Ten and it was the mark of the beginning of the Communist hunt in America.<br /></div><br /><div align="justify">McCarthy joined this scene on Feburary 9th 1950. He made a speech to the committee claiming to have a list of 205 names of members of the State Department who were involved in the Communist Party. Although this list was not a secret and was not soley based on members of the Communist Party, his speech contained the right amount of shock value to catch the attention of the American public. For the next few years McCarthy began crusading against many members of the State Department and created what many call a modern day witch-hunt.</div><br /><p align="justify"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5685674292074560786" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 295px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 339px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-lRsu0-1Fm9s/TueSpQesvRI/AAAAAAAAAAc/Rji0DnwDSDg/s400/USAmacarthy2.jpg" border="0" /></p><br /><p align="justify">McCarthy's rhetoric was not just about homefront protection against Communism. He was a member of the Republican party and many of his attacks happened to be people that fell into the left-wing. Many believe that his attacks against the Democratic party was influential in the election of Eisenhower. He was tough on what he called "liberal media" also. He wanted to make it seem that the left-wing was attacking him instead of the other way around.<br /></p><br /><div align="justify"><br /><br /></div><br /><p align="justify">On March 9th, 1954, respected journalist Edward R. Murrow took to his CBS show <em>See It Now </em>and refuted many of McCarthy's claims. Murrow basically <a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mTMXJX9AfFY/TueWYzCsm0I/AAAAAAAAAAo/9e553HBkpm8/s1600/murrow.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5685678407341087554" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 103px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 138px" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mTMXJX9AfFY/TueWYzCsm0I/AAAAAAAAAAo/9e553HBkpm8/s400/murrow.jpg" border="0" /></a>exposed the Senator's lies and did it in a way that used McCarthy's own words against him. He began the report by revealing two contradicting quotes made by the Senator in regards to his beliefs on starting trouble between the two political parties. In one quote he believes it would be detrimental to our society to eliminate the two-party system and in another quote he believes that it is inevitable and that the democratic party is guitly of treason. These two conflicting views allow Murrow to illustrate McCarthy as a flip-flopper who does not hesitate to divulge misinformation. </p><br /><p align="justify">The Report than continues on to reveal comments McCarthy had made about Eisenhower who just so happened to be the candidate he was backing. McCarthy had critisized Eisenhower for expressing hope that Communism would become a thing of the past and not at the forefront of our political concerns. McCarthy clearly believed Communism was the largest threat to our society and he made many strides to ensure the issue would not just fade away. Murrow then moves on to reveal a statement McCarthy made in regards to a respected member of our army General Zwicker. Although this type of behavior was not uncommon of McCarthy it struck a chord with many American's that were uncomfortable with seeing the soldiers that protect our Country attacked. This was a huge reason for McCarthy's downfall. </p><br /><p align="justify">An important piece of McCarthy's claims is that he was not the attacker and the liberal media was performing a smear campaign on him. In an effort to be forthcoming with that information Murrow lists certain headlines from newspapers around the United States on the subject of McCarthy's attack on the American army. Murrow than moves the subject along to McCarthy's campaign against Aldai Stevenson. Stevenson was the Democratic candidate up against<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-d12i207GkQI/TueighVz1xI/AAAAAAAAABM/Oq7rUestR_w/s1600/Screen-shot-2011-11-16-at-11_58_45-AM.png"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5685691734167901970" style="FLOAT: right; MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 195px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 229px" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-d12i207GkQI/TueighVz1xI/AAAAAAAAABM/Oq7rUestR_w/s320/Screen-shot-2011-11-16-at-11_58_45-AM.png" border="0" /></a> Eisenhower the both times he was elected. The report reveals a statement made by McCarthy accusing Stevenson of connection to a communist hide-out in a barn in Massachusetts. McCarthy begins his statement by saying "Strangely, Alger -- I mean, Adlai." This reference is too Alger Hiss, a government official who was convicted of being a spy for the Soviet Union. This already sets the tone for where McCarthy is going with his statement. Once the statement is finished Murrow brings out a piece of information that cuts completely at McCarthy's argument. His claim that Stevenson is named on a piece of paper in this Soviet hide-out is irrelevant because he does not expose that there are also three others from the state department that just so happened to be Republican were named in the capacity. </p><br /><p align="justify">Lastly, Murrow reveals a hearing the McCarthy headed against a man named Reed Harris. Harris was a writer and United States government official. He was accused by McCarthy because of a statement he made in a book he wrote in 1932. After hearing the testimony of Harris and the accusations of McCarthy it becomes clear that McCarthy is really just fighting views that oppose his own rather than fighting for American safety. At the close of the report you know where Murrow stands on the subject and you are made aware of many of Senator McCarty's blunders. McCarthy's response to Murrows clear message was to disregard it as "liberal-media" and then go at Murrow personally and accuse him of ties to the Communist Party. Shortly after that McCarthy was completely exposed for what he was. His continued attacks on members of the American army crossed the line and McCarthyism came to an end. </p><br /><p align="justify"></p><br /><p align="justify">Information From--</p><br /><p align="justify"><a href="http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/MRC/murrowmccarthy.html">http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/MRC/murrowmccarthy.html</a></p><br /><p align="justify"><a href="http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAmurrow.htm">http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAmurrow.htm</a></p><br /><p align="justify"><a href="http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAmccarthyism.htm">http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAmccarthyism.htm</a></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4050115734880424767.post-74093598692197000962011-11-15T17:32:00.012-05:002011-11-15T18:21:34.715-05:00Swing Goes to War: Glenn Miller and the Popular Music of WWII<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-hb9Wg8YisRk/TsLxVNa2VMI/AAAAAAAAASQ/9aKsa2KbOdg/s1600/glenn%2Bmiller.jpg"><img style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 200px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: 200px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5675363827122066626" border="0" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-hb9Wg8YisRk/TsLxVNa2VMI/AAAAAAAAASQ/9aKsa2KbOdg/s200/glenn%2Bmiller.jpg" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><div><a href="http://youtu.be/qu6MgLh6cl0">Glenn Miller Army Air Force Band</a> in High Wycombe England.</div><br /><br /><a href="http://youtu.be/qDQpZT3GhDg"><img style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 151px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: 200px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5675363994172840930" border="0" alt="" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-g9I6nmJPM7E/TsLxe7u22-I/AAAAAAAAASc/Yqzaq8Y7H38/s200/EElington1090.jpg" /> Duke Ellington It Don't Mean a Thing<br /></a><br /><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-1lELq4nknbM/TsLx2PPDT1I/AAAAAAAAASo/xEfg5R5LV5g/s1600/count_basie.jpg"><img style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 160px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: 200px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5675364394545139538" border="0" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-1lELq4nknbM/TsLx2PPDT1I/AAAAAAAAASo/xEfg5R5LV5g/s200/count_basie.jpg" /></a><br />Count Basie<br /><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-OjLfDrv4quI/TsLyGMFvyeI/AAAAAAAAAS0/4ynixsV-Oqc/s1600/goodman.jpg"><img style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 168px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: 200px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5675364668578712034" border="0" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-OjLfDrv4quI/TsLyGMFvyeI/AAAAAAAAAS0/4ynixsV-Oqc/s200/goodman.jpg" /></a><br />Benny GoodmanUnknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4050115734880424767.post-18563999582593353322011-11-10T17:09:00.008-05:002011-11-10T17:34:42.583-05:00Postscript on Japanese Skulls<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-f0xte83gl4U/TrxQBo1aQaI/AAAAAAAAAC8/kP7xWxI7oOo/s1600/AMERICAN-SOLDIER-WITH-JAPANESE-SKULL-WW2.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 275px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-f0xte83gl4U/TrxQBo1aQaI/AAAAAAAAAC8/kP7xWxI7oOo/s320/AMERICAN-SOLDIER-WITH-JAPANESE-SKULL-WW2.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5673497619651510690" border="0" /></a><br /><br />The article mentions how when "Hiroshima: a Soldiers View" was originally published he recieved alot of mail regarding the subject. Most of them were from soldiers and veterans cheering and acknolwedging the trophy skulls, but one marine was objecting to the fact that a common, much envied wartime trophy among the marine corps was a "well washed Japanese Skull".<br /><br />The vet, stated he was a private in the marine infantry on Tulagi, Guadalcanal, Roi-Namur and Saipan and that he never heard of such barbaric practices.<br /><br />Fussel explains that there are four possible reasons to how this private could have avoided noticing the common trophies:<br /><ol><li>he was remarkably careless in his notice of what was going on.</li><li>he was more intimate with the affairs of they typing pool well then the line of fire<br /></li><li>decently brought up and a nice person, he opted to see no evil.</li><li>his memory, like so many others, was happy to erase all evil memories.</li></ol><br /><br />Fussell explains how while visiting a friend it took his host no more than 30 seconds to find a shoe box filled with photos depicting the gruesome trophies.<br /><br />"one was displayed atop a pole, like a warning at the entrance of a native village"<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-bD-RLoW76iU/TrxQgm14lqI/AAAAAAAAADg/g01_bJ5K_uQ/s1600/Pacific_war.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 221px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-bD-RLoW76iU/TrxQgm14lqI/AAAAAAAAADg/g01_bJ5K_uQ/s320/Pacific_war.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5673498151692572322" border="0" /></a><br />The method of how these trophies skulls were made is particularly gruesome. First they were boiled in a metal vat, and two marines were busy poking it and turning it with sticks.<br /><br />Then they removed any extra flesh with lye. After that they attached the skull to a string and dragged it behind them for a few miles to get rid of all the extra flesh.<br /><br />Lastly, they scrubbed they skulls with Lye strong laundry soap, as to get it squeaky clean.<br /><br />The skulls, were evidence of how well the respective troops had accomplished their mission, which was to "kill him before he kills you". Regardless, it was believed that this trophy habit, was not half as bad or as brutal as the "<span style="font-style: italic;">ruthless Japs</span>" were. The article states, <span style="font-style: italic;">" why have more respect for the skull of a Jap than the skull of a weasel, a rat, or any other form of mad, soulless vermin?"</span><br /><br /><p><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Xdp0k6JrhJE/TrxQoWvb8CI/AAAAAAAAADs/OvyWlVi2pC4/s1600/japsmaller.gif"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 249px; height: 320px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Xdp0k6JrhJE/TrxQoWvb8CI/AAAAAAAAADs/OvyWlVi2pC4/s320/japsmaller.gif" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5673498284809515042" border="0" /></a></p> This famous picture depicts a skull with the inscription, "Found in New Guinea" that was sent to his girlfriend in Phoenix, AZ. Life Magazine featured this in the magazine.<br /><br /><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Return Address:</span><br />The Reverend Tsunezo Wachi,<br />President, Association of Iwo Jima,<br />2-24-23 Higashicho, Kichijoji,<br />Musashinoshi, Tokyo, Japan, 180.<br /><br /></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4050115734880424767.post-67084035904993988582011-10-30T11:18:00.003-04:002011-10-30T11:18:53.198-04:00<span style="font-size: x-large;"> From Light to Heavy duty</span><br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ffebzE3IuYU/Tq1ja4L6-8I/AAAAAAAAAPA/MOqBuEi6nH4/s1600/13034_19925_1_lg.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; cssfloat: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" ida="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ffebzE3IuYU/Tq1ja4L6-8I/AAAAAAAAAPA/MOqBuEi6nH4/s200/13034_19925_1_lg.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
The inexorable progress from light to heavy duty can be read in the history of the posters issued on behalf of the American war effort. One poster of 1942 depicts Joe Louis charging with a slim, long bayonet ( soon to be replaced by the less graceful but more effective short and stocky version) attached to a long, slender Springfield rifle. The caption reads 'were going to do our part.. and we will win because were on Gods side' BUT a year later who is on God's side seems no longer to matter much, for now open depictions of corpses begin to displace considerations of moral right" <br />
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The reason why this poster is so significant because posters like this played a huge part in this war, at the beginning of the war you saw these positive, clean cut posters and as the war starts to get dirty and people start to see how horrible it is and how many people are dieing from posters and other sources of media it gets to be prevalent that this war needed to end. With future posters had an ugly cadaver of a tank crewman sprawled amidst realistically messy battle detritus- discouraged web equipment, unused clips of rifle ammunition, His helmet is violently tipped forward, vealing the vulnerable back of his head.<br />
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AND THE POINT OF THIS <br />
<span style="font-size: large;"> this happens every three minutes.</span><br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-CDABabYpea8/Tq1gNI2ul4I/AAAAAAAAAOg/c8W8StMvj5w/s1600/weaponry.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; cssfloat: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="256" ida="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-CDABabYpea8/Tq1gNI2ul4I/AAAAAAAAAOg/c8W8StMvj5w/s320/weaponry.jpg" width="320" /></a><span style="font-size: large;"><em>STAY ON THE JOB AND GET OVER IT!</em></span></div>
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"The total wars of modern history give the decision to the side with the biggest factories"<br />
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For every shell Krupp fired- General motors sent back four</div>
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"Dead bodies everywhere, some mangled or torn apart, The American and German equally awful. some mangled and torn apart, The American and German equally awful."</div>
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"The people had not thought of war in terms of men being killed.... </div>
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There is no easy way to win a war, there is no panacea which will prevent men from being killed"</div>
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World war II, had a massive increase in war supplies, not only in how much was being produced, but what was being produced. At the beginning of the war no one knew how violent and dirty it would get until thousands of lives started to be lost.</div>
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<a href="http://www.militaryfactory.com/worldwar2/weapons.asp">Military Weapons during the war</a></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4050115734880424767.post-6602358779607859752011-10-11T18:41:00.005-04:002011-10-11T18:55:27.831-04:00A Night In A German Munitions Factory<div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div>“Approximately 1,600,000 women joined the workforce between 1914 and 1918 in Government departments, public transport, the post office, as clerks in business, as land workers and in factories, especially in the dangerous munitions factories which were employing 950,000 women by Armistice Day (as compared to 700,000 in Germany)” <a href="http://www.blogger.com/(http://www.firstworldwar.com/features/womenww1_four.htm)">(http://www.firstworldwar.com/features/womenww1_four.htm)</a></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-c6IGv0LsiAs/TpTHHSPvVGI/AAAAAAAAAAQ/DfcksKbiRS8/s1600/rosie-the-riveter.jpg" onblur="try 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priority="39" qformat="true" name="TOC Heading"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--> <!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-language:JA;} </style> <![endif]--> <!--StartFragment--> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:.5in">A Night in German Munitions Factory by K<span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;">ä</span>te Kestien tells us a story about a typical day in the factory in the life of women during World War I. When the war started most of the men left for the front lines, which left no one to work. Although receiving welfare, women had to go to work in order to support the household. Most of the women, who did work in the munitions factories, chose to work the night shift because they would have to be home caring for the children during the day. The unfortunate side of this is that most of these women did not get much time to sleep before coming into work. This is one of the many things that added to the dangerous working conditions. There are a couple of key quotes that I have picked out, which summarizes the story. <o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span>“It’s the ether ‘said an elderly worker’ you’ll get used to it. Tomorrow you won’t even notice it.”<o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span>I feel this quote is a great way to visualize the way it must have smelled in the factory. “Munitionettes produced 80% of the weapons and shells used by the British Army and daily risked their lives working with poisonous substances without adequate protective clothing or the required safety measures.”<a href="http://www.blogger.com/(%20http://www.firstworldwar.com/features/womenww1_four.htm)">(http://www.firstworldwar.com/features/womenww1_four.htm)</a></p><p class="MsoNormal">“I was working with gun powder which had to be filled into missiles”</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 238); -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: underline; "><img src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-7xqLjTUoE5I/TpTIIwXqAyI/AAAAAAAAAAc/waiqhRoaCVg/s320/Untitled.png" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5662370684260188962" style="display: block; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 249px; height: 320px; " /></span><div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#0000ee;"><br /></span></div> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span>“It was my job to reach past razor sharp blades, grab the neatly cut sticks of gun powder and push them across the table where four pairs of hands were putting them into bundles and packing them into cases. <o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span>The materials and machines that are described here (gun powder, missiles, razor sharp blades) are dangerous on their own and when you put them together, they seem to be a disaster waiting to happen. <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 238); -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: underline; "><img src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3IsvO1_8hU4/TpTIrGNqw5I/AAAAAAAAAAo/vYY4EDMzddA/s320/Untitled1.png" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5662371274239427474" style="display: block; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 256px; height: 320px; " /></span></p> <div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#0000ee;"><br /></span></div></div><div> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span>“The machine had severed half her hand” “She simply had not been quick enough”<o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal">“Her response, “Thank God, its only the left.”<o:p></o:p></p> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 238); -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: underline; "><img src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-VkJVlf2DhxE/TpTI7fTjyYI/AAAAAAAAAA0/1tmPyUbSZX8/s320/Untitled2.png" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5662371555852929410" style="display: block; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 218px; " /></span> <!--EndFragment--></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 238); -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: underline; "><br /></span></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4050115734880424767.post-73208820486431050472011-10-10T19:20:00.000-04:002011-10-11T19:08:43.788-04:00the child of the enemy<u><strong>THE CHILD OF THE ENEMY</strong></u> : Sidonie Gabrielle Colette<br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-yVUrjlBXpcw/TpNHYYR0hHI/AAAAAAAAAOc/QFbOnPjo4pA/s1600/SidonieGabrielleColette.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; cssfloat: left; float: left; height: 152px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; width: 99px;"><img border="0" height="200" kca="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-yVUrjlBXpcw/TpNHYYR0hHI/AAAAAAAAAOc/QFbOnPjo4pA/s200/SidonieGabrielleColette.jpg" width="126" /></a>Historic and literary representations of the first world war have traditionally been male centred, constructed around the powerful imagery of trench warfare and the haunting words of a small group of tragic soldier poets. Colette, was one of the "other" voices of war, pursued through the writings of women who lived through,served in or otherwise experienced the nightmare first hand. </div>
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Child of the Enemy was written about the woman during WWI, Its written about occupying soldiers having sex with women in the occupied territory. Some of that sex was consensual, some prostitution, some was rape.</div>
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It talks from a womans point of view and how they feel having these babies. " They areno longer in those first hours, those first days of dark madness in which they cried out their shame and asked themselves: "what am i to do?" Do you really think that a bitter, nine month meditation bears no fruit? By all means, give shelter to those who need it, give them support and whatever else they may need: work..some baby clothes.. but after that leave them alone sothey can get on with it. Even the most desperate and vindictive of victim mothers, will in the end, not really be capable of a crime, despite those who are already absolving her in advance.</div>
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A <b>war child</b> refers to a child born to a native parent and a parent belonging to a foreign military force (usually an occupying force, but also soldiers stationed at military bases on foreign soil). It also refers to children of parents collaborating with an occupying force. Having a child with a member of a belligerent foreign military, throughout history and across cultures, is often considered a grave betrayal of social values. Commonly, the native parent is disowned by family, friends and society at large. <br />
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Children whose either parent was part of an occupying force <i>or</i> whose parent(s) collaborated with enemy forces were innocent of any <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_crime" title="War crime"><span style="color: black;">war crimes</span></a> committed by their parents. Yet these children have felt condemned by the crimes uncovered in the subsequent prosecution of their parents' acts. As they grew to adolescence and adulthood, many of them harbored the feelings of guilt and shame.<br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">....Leave her be; no doubt she does not know herself. But it will come to her in time. She suffers, but the optimism transmitted to the female laden with a precious human life, will subdue her torment. It will plead for the child which trembling there, endows its mother with an extra instinct.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">But let us have confidence in the moment when she will see, exhausted and subdued, defenceless against her best instincts, that the monster is only a new-born baby, nothing but a baby greedy for life, a baby with vacant eyes and silvery down, with crimped and silky hands like a poppy which has only just opened its cup</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">Leave the woman alone.Say nothing...Hold your PEACE</span></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4050115734880424767.post-31593936505151480662011-10-06T17:24:00.002-04:002011-10-06T17:24:53.424-04:00Randolph Bourne: The War and The Intellectuals<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://randolphbourne.org/rb-bio.html">Randolph Bourne</a> was an American journalist. His article <a href="http://bigeye.com/thewar.htm"><i>The War and The Intellectuals</i></a> was published in a literary journal called <i>The Seven Arts</i> in June of 1917, a few months after the United States entered the war. In the article, Bourne wrote critically of the intellectual class and their backing of the war. </span><br />
<blockquote>
<span style="font-size: large;"> "If our intellectuals were going to lead the
administration, they might conceivably have tried to find some way of
securing peace by making neutrality effective. They might have turned
their intellectual energy not to the problem of jockeying the nation
into war, but to the problem of using our vast neutral power to attain
democratic ends for the rest of the world and ourselves without the use
of the malevolent technique of war. They might have failed. The point is
that they scarcely tried."</span></blockquote>
<span style="font-size: large;">Bourne felt that the intellectuals of the age should have tried harder to find a solution for the problems in Europe that wouldn't result in war. He thought that American neutrality should have been used to resolve the issues at the root of the war.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"> "We go to war to save the world from subjugation! But the German intellectuals went to war to save their culture from barbarization! And the French went to war to save their beautiful France! And the English to save international honor! And Russia, most altruistic and self-sacrificing of all, to save a small State from destruction! Whence is our miraculous intuition of our moral spotlessness? Whence our confidence that history will not unravel huge economic and imperialist forces upon which our rationalizations float like bubbles?"</span></blockquote>
<span style="font-size: large;">Bourne disagreed with the "reasons" that America went to war. He saw those reasons as rationalizations and excuses made by intellectuals who were not strong enough to stand up against the tide and push for the unpopular anti-war agenda. He did not think that those excuses would hold up under deeper scrutiny.</span><br />
<blockquote>
<span style="font-size: large;">"The case of the intellectuals seems, therefore, only very speciously rational. They could have used their energy to force a just peace or at least to devise other means than war for carrying through American policy. They could have used their intellectual energy to ensure that our participation in the war meant the international order which they wish. Intellect was not so used. It was used to lead an apathetic nation into an irresponsible war, without guarantees from those belligerents whose cause we were saving."</span></blockquote>
<span style="font-size: large;">Again, Bourne thought that the United States should not have entered the war. He thought that we should have used our distance and neutrality to bring about a peaceful resolution to the war. He did not think that the intellectuals effectively used their intelligence to diplomatically resolve the issues behind the war. </span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">"There seems no choice for the intellectual but to join the mass of acceptance. But again the terrible dilemma arises, <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">– either</span></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--><span style="font-size: large;"> support what is going on, in which case you count for nothing because you are swallowed in the mass and great incalculable forces bear you on; or remain aloof, passively resistant, in which case you count for nothing because you are outside the machinery of reality." </span></blockquote>
<span style="font-size: large;">Bourne saw war not as a foregone conclusion, but something to be fought against relentlessly. He <i>understood</i> why so many intellectuals went along with the war. He saw that they thought fighting against it was hopeless and that being for the war would at least keep them free and from being persecuted. But still, he argued against it. He argued that war was not the solution, but the bigger problem. He was disappointed in American intellectuals for going along with the war and he fervently tried to dissuade them from that path.</span> <br />
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0